Primary Education Insight (e-ISSN: 3110-5653) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to advancing research, theory, and professional practice in the field of primary education. The journal publishes original empirical studies and systematic literature reviews that explore diverse issues relevant to elementary-level education. As an open-access journal published in English, it releases two issues annually, specifically in June and December, ensuring wide dissemination of high-quality and contextually grounded scholarship. Primary Education Insight also serves as an academic platform for researchers, educators, teachers, and education practitioners to share research findings, theoretical perspectives, and innovative practices aimed at improving the quality of primary education. Areas of interest include curriculum development, teaching strategies, literacy and numeracy, classroom assessment, character education, integration of local wisdom, inclusive education, child development, educational technology, school management, and policy implementation. The journal welcomes interdisciplinary contributions that connect education with psychology, technology, public policy, and child welfare to support the holistic development of learners. A distinctive feature of the journal is its commitment to promoting culturally relevant and locally rooted educational practices. It places strong emphasis on bridging theory and classroom practice by encouraging submissions from practitioners, including classroom action research (PTK), case studies, and applied innovations. Through this approach, Primary Education Insight is committed to contributing to the development of transformative, inclusive, and practice-based knowledge that strengthens the quality of education at the primary school level.
The Influence of MarvelAPP Educational Game Learning Media on the Learning Achievement of IPAS Students in Grade 5 Elementary School
Students' IPAS learning achievement at the elementary school level remains relatively low due to the limited use of interactive and engaging learning media in classroom instruction. Conventional teaching methods often reduce students' participation and make it difficult for them to understand abstract concepts. Therefore, innovative digital learning media are needed to create more meaningful learning experiences. This study aimed to examine the effect of MarvelApp educational game learning media on the IPAS learning achievement of Grade 5 elementary school students. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The participants consisted of 90 Grade 5 students, including 44 students in the experimental group and 46 students in the control group. The experimental group received instruction using MarvelApp educational game learning media, whereas the control group received conventional instruction. Data were collected using a 20-item IPAS learning achievement test administered as both a pretest and posttest. The instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.972) and acceptable construct validity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, assumption tests, and an independent samples t-test. The findings revealed no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention, whereas a significant difference was observed after the intervention, with the experimental group achieving higher IPAS learning achievement than the control group (p < .001). These findings indicate that MarvelApp educational game learning media effectively enhances students' learning achievement by promoting active engagement and meaningful learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lely Melan Mega Auliya, Dya Ayu Agustiana Putri, Frita Devi Asriyanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prophetic Pedagogy in Practice: A Holistic Teaching Model for Enhancing Learning in Indian Primary Schools
This study examines the pedagogical methods of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as a comprehensive educational model and explores their relevance in contemporary primary education in India. Using a qualitative library research design, data were collected from major hadith sources, including Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan at-Tirmidhi, and Sunan Ibn Majah, as well as supporting literature on modern educational theory. The analysis employed content analysis to identify key teaching principles and categorize them into coherent pedagogical frameworks. The findings reveal that Prophetic pedagogy is characterized by an integration of exemplary conduct, affective engagement, dialogic learning, multimodal instructional strategies, and adaptive teaching. The Prophet ﷺ employed methods such as dialogue, analogy, repetition, visualization, and contextual guidance to address diverse learners effectively. These approaches align closely with contemporary theories, including constructivism, social-emotional learning, and differentiated instruction. In the context of primary education, these methods are particularly effective in fostering student engagement, enhancing comprehension, and supporting character development. The study highlights the relevance of Prophetic pedagogy in addressing current challenges in elementary education, especially in diverse and complex classroom settings. It contributes theoretically by bridging classical Islamic pedagogical concepts with modern educational frameworks. Practically, it offers insights for teachers to design more holistic and learner-centered instructional practices. However, the study is limited by its reliance on textual analysis and the absence of empirical validation. Future research is recommended to implement and evaluate these pedagogical principles in real classroom environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 K. Sayyid Mubashir, Muhammed Swadique PC (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Cognitive Abilities in Early Childhood Through Color Experimental Method: A Case Study of Kindergartens in Muna Regency
Improving cognitive abilities in early childhood is a crucial aspect of early childhood education because it forms the foundation for learning readiness at subsequent educational levels. This study aimed to analyze improvements in the cognitive abilities of children aged 5–6 years through the application of the color experiment method in learning activities. The study employed a classroom action research approach with a two-cycle design, with each cycle comprising planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The participants were 14 children aged 5–6 years. Research instruments included observation sheets for teacher and child activities, assessment sheets for children’s cognitive abilities, limited interviews, and documentation of learning activities. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results revealed a significant improvement in children’s cognitive abilities from the initial observation to cycle II. Class-level cognitive achievement increased to 92.85% in cycle II, exceeding the predetermined success indicators. In addition, teachers’ instructional activities and children’s learning engagement also improved substantially following refinements in learning strategies. These findings indicate that the color experiment method is effective in enhancing children’s cognitive abilities. The improvement was not limited to mastery of color concepts but also included the development of logical thinking, understanding of cause-and-effect relationships, and the ability to communicate observational outcomes. This study highlights the importance of implementing hands-on, experiential learning as an innovative strategy in early childhood education to optimize children’s cognitive development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eni Afrianti, Afifah Nur Hidayah, Salwiah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Mystery Box Learning Media on Science Learning Outcomes of Grade III Elementary School Students
The background of this study is the lack of use of interesting learning media, which causes low student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the use of Mystery Box learning media on elementary school students' learning outcomes. This type of research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design with a Nonequivalent Control Group design. The subjects of this study were 48 students divided into a control class and an experimental class. The tested data analysis technique produced a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.928, which means that the research instrument shows a very good level of reliability. The data were analyzed using a t-test with the results of the study, the t-value was 0.078 with degrees of freedom (df) 46.0 and p-value = 0.078. This p-value greater than 0.05 indicates that there is no significant difference between the average scores of the control group and the experimental group before the intervention, so that both groups are in a balanced initial condition. Meanwhile, in the posttest, the t-value was -13.31 with df 46.0 and p-value <0.001 indicating a significant difference between the control and experimental groups after the intervention. A negative t-value indicates that the average score of the experimental group is higher than the control group. This confirms that the use of Mystery Box learning media has a significant influence on the learning outcomes of elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amala Nurlika Putri, Dya Ayu Agustiana Putri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Multicultural Education in Primary Schools to Build Intercultural Tolerance: A Case Study on Escola Primaria Timor-Leste
This study aims to explore the implementation of multicultural education at Escola Primaria 05 de Beloi, Timor-Leste, focusing on the challenges faced by teachers and their impact on students. Using a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews, this study involved 8 teachers as respondents. The results show that teachers have varying understandings of multicultural education, with the majority only introducing cultural diversity through materials such as folk tales and discussions. The main challenges faced are limited resources and teaching materials that do not cover diversity comprehensively. Nevertheless, the implementation of multicultural education is beginning to show positive impacts, with students becoming more open to cultural differences. These findings indicate the need for a more experience-based approach and the development of more inclusive teaching materials. The implications of this study are the importance of further training for teachers and the provision of resources that support more effective and sustainable multicultural teaching.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agus Martins, Ana Joana dos Reis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efforts to Improve Children’s Naturalist Intelligence Through Planting Activities Using Hydroponic Growing Media at TKIT As-Sunnah Napabalano
Naturalist intelligence refers to children’s ability to recognize, understand, and demonstrate concern for the natural environment around them. Initial observations at Integrated Islamic Kindergarten (TKIT) As-Sunnah Napabalano revealed that the naturalist intelligence of Group B children had not yet developed optimally. The children still experienced difficulties in recognizing plants, understanding plant growth processes, and showing concern for the environment. This study aimed to improve children’s naturalist intelligence through planting activities using hydroponic growing media at Integrated Islamic Kindergarten (TKIT) As-Sunnah Napabalano. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 11 Group B children, consisting of 5 boys and 6 girls. Data were collected through observation and documentation techniques. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis based on early childhood development categories. The findings indicated that planting activities using hydroponic growing media were effective in improving children’s naturalist intelligence. Teacher teaching activities increased from 73.33% in Cycle I to 93.33% in Cycle II. Children’s learning activities also improved from 71.42% to 92.86%. In addition, the results of children’s naturalist intelligence development increased from 72.73% in Cycle I to 90.91% in Cycle II. The children became more capable of recognizing plants, understanding plant growth processes, and demonstrating environmental awareness through direct plant-care activities. Therefore, planting activities using hydroponic growing media can be considered an effective learning strategy for improving early childhood naturalist intelligence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sitti Nur Aziza, Sitti Rahmaniar Abubabakar, Muamal Gadafi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Elementary Schools: A Case Study at Padma Jaya Elementary School, Palembang
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum at the elementary school level through a case study approach at Padma Jaya Elementary School, Palembang. The focus of the study includes lesson planning, instructional practices, assessment, and the role of the school environment in supporting curriculum implementation. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observations and semi-structured interviews with the principal, vice principal, and classroom teachers. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic model that includes data display, data reduction, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The analysis was strengthened through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum has been carried out systematically. In the planning stage, teachers developed flexible and contextual teaching modules that align with students’ needs and integrated the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project. In the implementation stage, learning activities were student-centered and active, using various methods such as discussions, hands-on activities, and project-based learning. Assessment was conducted authentically by covering attitudes, skills, and knowledge, and was followed by remedial and enrichment activities. In addition, support from the school environment, including facilities and collaboration among stakeholders, contributed to the effectiveness of curriculum implementation. The findings also reveal a strong alignment between planning, implementation, and assessment in supporting the success of the Merdeka Curriculum. This study provides empirical contributions to understanding contextual curriculum implementation practices at the elementary school level and may serve as a reference for improving educational policy and instructional practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nina Purwadinata, Sindi Aulia, Ginanda, Jessycha, Arcvita, Anggun (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementing Early Childhood Sexual Education to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse: A Case Study at RA Al-Khairaat SKEP Ternate, Indonesia
Child sexual abuse is a serious global issue that requires preventive efforts starting from early childhood. This study aims to examine the implementation of early childhood sexual education as a strategy for preventing child sexual abuse at RA Al-Khairaat SKEP, Ternate, Indonesia. A qualitative case study design was used to explore how sexual education is implemented in a natural educational setting. Participants included two teachers, two parents, and two children aged 5–6 years, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The findings show that sexual education is implemented through three main aspects: self-identity recognition, gender understanding, and self-protection skills. Children were able to recognize their identities, inclusively understand gender concepts, and identify appropriate and inappropriate touch. The implementation was supported by thematic, play-based, and interactive learning approaches, as well as the integration of religious and moral values. Collaboration between teachers and parents also played an important role in reinforcing children’s understanding and protective behaviors. This study concludes that early childhood sexual education can serve as an effective preventive strategy against child sexual abuse when delivered through developmentally appropriate, culturally relevant, and collaborative approaches. The findings help bridge the gap between theory and practice and provide practical guidance for educators, parents, and policymakers in designing context-sensitive sexual education programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elsa Ramadani, Yusuf Maronta, Farida Samad, Yulia Novita Sari, Bujuna A. Alhadad, Muhammad Asrun (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Moral and Religious Values Through Storytelling in Sari Mekar Kindergarten, West Halmahera
The aim of this study was to improve moral and religious values in early childhood through storytelling activities at Sari Mekar Kindergarten in Lako Akediri Village, Sahu District, West Halmahera Regency. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. The research subjects were 20 children in class A. Data collection wwerecarried out through observation, documentation, and daily assessments, which were then analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and descriptive qualitative and quantitative verification by calculating the percentage of achievement of moral and religious value indicators. The results of the study showed a significant increase in children's moral and religious values from the pre-action stage to cycle II. In the pre-action stage, 90% of children were in the underdeveloped category and only 5% were in the developed category as expected. After the storytelling activity was implemented, cycle I showed that 85% of children were in the underdeveloped category, 10% were in the beginning to develop category, and 5% had reached the expected developing category. Cycle II showed that 80% of children had reached the expected developing category and were developing very well, while the rest were beginning to develop. These changes were evident in the children's behavior, as they became accustomed to worshipping, understood noble behavior, could distinguish between good and bad behavior, became familiar with religious rituals and holidays, and respected other people's religions. Thus, storytelling activities proved to be effective in instilling moral and religious values in early childhood.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurhumairah, Rita Samad, Nurul Jariah, Sarina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploration of the Application of the Peer Tutoring Method to Improve Reading Skills of Fourth Grade Students: A Case Study at SDN Tanjung Waras
The low reading skills of some fourth-grade students at Tanjung Waras Public Elementary School require more effective and supportive learning strategies. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the peer tutoring method in improving reading skills and examine its impact on students' motivation and social dynamics. The study used a descriptive case study approach with stages of diagnostic assessment, implementation of peer tutoring through the "Antaca" team, daily observations, informal interviews, and evaluation of reading development. Data were collected naturally and analyzed qualitatively through the stages of data presentation, reduction, interpretation, and conclusion drawing, as well as through source triangulation. The results showed that peer tutoring can be applied systematically and creates a non-intimidating learning environment, supported by picture-based teaching materials that facilitate the decoding process. The findings also revealed significant improvements in reading fluency, letter recognition accuracy, and students' courage in reading aloud. In addition, this method has a positive impact on learning motivation and social dynamics, marked by increased self-confidence, mutual support, and a more harmonious classroom atmosphere. The study concluded that peer tutoring is effective as a pedagogical strategy for improving basic literacy and building an inclusive classroom climate. The implications of the research confirm that teachers can adopt this approach to strengthen reading learning, especially in classes with heterogeneous abilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Enni Maria, Endang Susilowati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Thinking Mathematics Based on Van de Walle's: A Case Study in Students Grade 5th
This study explores fifth-grade students' mathematical thinking processes, specifically how they interpret and solve addition and subtraction problems in story-based contexts. Using a qualitative case study approach, five students from an elementary school in Yogyakarta were examined through interviews, observations, and mathematics problem-solving tasks. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic coding to uncover patterns in computational strategy and conceptual understanding. Results showed that students employed diverse techniques such as horizontal and vertical stacking, semantic and computational sentence transformation, and even-number decomposition. These strategies reflected varying levels of comprehension regarding commutative and associative mathematical properties. Moreover, students who had difficulty translating story problems into mathematical expressions typically showed weak understanding of operational meaning and structure. The study found that most students shifted from semantic to computational forms for ease in calculation. This suggests the need for instructional support to enhance students’ conceptual grasp of operations. Overall, this study provides insights into how mathematical thinking can be developed through contextual learning and supports integrating meaningful problem-solving practices into mathematics education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dya Ayu Agustiana Putri, Sugiman Sugiman, Yoppy Wahyu Purnomo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Role Play Method in Enhancing Communication Skills in Early Childhood
Communication skills are an important aspect of a child's development that affects their ability to interact with their social environment. The role play method is known as an effective approach to develop these skills as it allows children to express themselves freely through various roles they play. This study aims to examine the effect of role play method in enhancing communication skills in early childhood. This research uses an experimental design with a control group, where the experimental group is treated with role play activities, while the control group receives conventional learning. The subjects of this research were five to six years old children spread across several kindergartens, a total of 60 students. The instruments used in this study are observations and interviews to measure changes in communication skills before and after treatment. The results show that the role play method has a significant positive impact on improving communication skills in early childhood. Children who participated in role play activities showed improvement in speaking, listening, and interacting with their peers. This study concludes that the role play method can be an effective strategy for improving communication skills in early childhood, and thus can be applied in early childhood education institutions. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of more interactive and creative learning methods to support children's communication skill development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yola Marcelita Dwi Putri, Isabella Hasiana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of the Role of Religious Routine activities in Shaping the Religious Character Values of 5th Grade Elementary School Students
Education plays a fundamental role in shaping future generations who are intellectually competent and morally grounded. In Indonesia, curriculum reforms such as the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) have been introduced to foster these values ​​through intracurricular activities, the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5), and extracurricular programs. One key component of the P5 initiative is the instillation of religious character, which aligns with the first principle of Pancasila. This study examines the influence of religious activities on students' religious character. This type of research is quantitative with a habituation method. This study was chosen to measure the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Data analysis techniques in this study were adjusted to the type of approach and research hypothesis. This study involved 55 fifth-grade students divided into two groups, namely the experimental and control classes. Data were collected through pretests and posttests, which were then analyzed using the T-test to test the hypothesis. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control classes, with a p-value <0.001 indicating that the role of religious ritual activities positively affects students' religious character.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irmayatus Sa'adah, Dya Ayu Agustiana Putri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Math Game Cards on Third-Grade Students’ Learning Motivation at SDN 2 Sambirejo
Mathematics is a fundamental discipline in all fields of science, yet many students lack interest in learning it. To address this challenge, innovative and engaging learning media such as mathematics game cards are needed to foster students’ motivation. This study aimed to examine the effect of using game cards as instructional media on the learning motivation of third-grade students at SDN 2 Sambirejo. Employing a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, the study involved 54 students divided into experimental and control groups. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test with JAMOVI 2.3.2 software. The pre-test results showed no significant difference in motivation between the two groups (p = 0.152 > 0.05), whereas the post-test results indicated a significant improvement in motivation for students who used the game card media (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that mathematics game cards can significantly enhance students’ learning motivation and serve as an effective alternative to conventional instructional methods.
Dya Ayu Agustiana Putri, M.Pd Dya Ayu Agustiana Putri
Copyright (c) 2025 Dimas Suprayogo, Dya Ayu Agustiana Putri, M.Pd, Eka Yuliana Sari, M.Pd (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Learning Style Differentiated Learning on Learning Outcomes and Motivation of Grade IV Learners in Mathematics Subjects
The uniqueness of each learner's learning style, whether visual, auditory, or kinesthetic, demands teacher attention. By fulfilling diverse learning needs, learners feel more valued, spurring learning outcomes and motivation. This research examines the impact of differentiated learning styles on IV-grade students' mathematics performance and motivation. An approach focused on quantifiable data utilizing a posttest-only control group design was employed in this study. A total of 31 learners, divided into control and experimental groups, were tested. Data were collected through administering tests and questionnaires. The findings of the study showed a striking difference. The control class had an average learning outcome of 66 and an average motivation of 65.1, while the experimental class achieved an average learning outcome of 92.5 and an average motivation of 86.1. The hypothesis analysis conducted using Jamovi 2.3.28 confirmed this difference, showing a p-value of < 0.001 in both multivariate tests (including Pillai's Trace, Wilks' Lambda, Hotelling's Trace, and Roy's Largest Root) and univariate tests with the same significance level. These findings suggest that differentiated learning enhances student outcomes and motivation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Komarudin Komarudin, Dya Ayu Agustiana Putri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
English Language Learning in Primary Schools: A Bibliometric Review of Trends, Collaboration, and Future Research Directions
This study aims to map the research landscape of English language learning in primary schools through a bibliometric analysis. Data were collected from scientific publications spanning 2000 to 2024 and analyzed using VOSviewer. The findings reveal a marked increase in publications, particularly from 2020 onward, peaking in 2022. Language, Culture and Curriculum emerged as one of the most influential journals, while Khon Kaen University was identified as the most prolific contributing institution. Among individual contributors, Halbach A was the most productive author, whereas Al-Issa AS received the highest number of global citations, indicating substantial scholarly influence. Cluster analysis revealed seven major thematic areas, encompassing student and teacher roles, curriculum development, and teacher professionalism. Overlay visualization further highlighted emerging research themes, such as multimodality, gamification, and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), pointing to future directions in the field. These findings carry significant implications for curriculum design, teacher education, and the development of innovative instructional strategies. Notwithstanding its contributions, this study is limited by the scope of data and analytical methods employed. Future research is recommended to adopt mixed-methods approaches and incorporate multilingual data to achieve a more comprehensive mapping.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahyuni Melisa, Litha Nesidekawati Dakka, Eko Saputra Nurdiansa, Wa Ode Siti Wardani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Mathematics Spinning Wheel for Teaching Arithmetic in Grade II Elementary School
This study aims to develop and evaluate the Mathematics Spinning Wheel as an instructional medium to enhance the learning outcomes of second-grade elementary school students in arithmetic operations, specifically addition and subtraction. Employing a research and development (R&D) methodology, the study adopts the ADDIE model, which consists of five phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research participants comprised 28 second-grade students from SD Negeri 211 Palembang. Data collection instruments included observations, interviews, validation questionnaires completed by subject matter and media experts, practicality questionnaires from teachers and students, and learning outcome tests. Validation results indicated a very high level of feasibility, with an average score of 82.69%. Practicality assessments showed the media was rated as highly practical, receiving scores of 90.4% from students and 91.3% from teachers. Effectiveness testing revealed a significant improvement in students’ average scores, from 64.04 in the pre-test to 79.25 in the post-test, with classical completeness increasing from 28.57% to 85.71%. These findings demonstrate that the Mathematics Spinning Wheel is a valid, practical, and effective instructional medium. It offers a fun and interactive alternative for mathematics learning and holds potential for further development across different topics and educational levels.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fadhia Nabila, Widia Agustin, Elyana Elyana, Taufik Ilham (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0